关于数控机床的选用

发布日期：2019-05-12 作者：诺(nuo)信小编点击：

一.确定被加工工件

由于机床(chuang)的种类很多，适合加工类型各不(bu)相同。为了(le)保证数控(kong)机床(chuang)使用的合理(li)性，必(bi)须确定数控(kong)机床(chuang)加工的典型零件(jian)。

用(yong)数控(kong)机床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件往(wang)往(wang)分为2类(lei)：一(yi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)精(jing)度(du)，多(duo)品种的(de)(de)中小批(pi)量零(ling)(ling)(ling)件或以试制生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)为主的(de)(de)企业(ye)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)这类(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件使用(yong)数控(kong)车(che)床(chuang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)为了在保证质(zhi)量的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，满(man)(man)足(zu)多(duo)变的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求的(de)(de)柔性(xing)，同时(shi)又有很高(gao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)率，满(man)(man)足(zu)这类(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)方式(shi)的(de)(de)用(yong)户往(wang)往(wang)对数控(kong)机床(chuang)提出许多(duo)的(de)(de)柔性(xing)要(yao)求；另一(yi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)批(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)典型零(ling)(ling)(ling)件，如摩(mo)托车(che)和(he)汽(qi)车(che)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件，这类(lei)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件使用(yong)数控(kong)车(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在满(man)(man)足(zu)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)柔性(xing)的(de)(de)前(qian)提条件下提高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)率和(he)降低成(cheng)本。因此，确定(ding)(ding)哪些零(ling)(ling)(ling)件，哪些工(gong)(gong)序(xu)准备用(yong)数控(kong)车(che)床(chuang)来完成(cheng)，然后(hou)采用(yong)成(cheng)组(zu)技术把(ba)这些需要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)件进行(xing)归类(lei)。

一般来说，对每类(lei)(lei)数(shu)(shu)控机床都有(you)其(qi)最佳(jia)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)典型(xing)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)，如数(shu)(shu)控车床适(shi)(shi)用(yong)于车削有(you)多(duo)种型(xing)面(mian)(mian)（螺纹(wen)面(mian)(mian)，锥面(mian)(mian)，球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)，台阶(jie)面(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)）的(de)(de)轴(zhou)类(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)和(he)法兰类(lei)(lei)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)；数(shu)(shu)控铣床适(shi)(shi)合铣削平面(mian)(mian)类(lei)(lei)，变(bian)斜角类(lei)(lei)和(he)曲面(mian)(mian)类(lei)(lei)（立(li)体类(lei)(lei)）零(ling)(ling)件(jian)；加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心适(shi)(shi)合加(jia)(jia)工(gong)箱体类(lei)(lei)，复杂曲面(mian)(mian)类(lei)(lei)，盘(pan)类(lei)(lei)和(he)异性体等(deng)(deng)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)。合适(shi)(shi)与否不仅看加(jia)(jia)工(gong)质(zhi)量，还要看加(jia)(jia)工(gong)效率和(he)经济性等(deng)(deng)。总之(zhi)，应以性价(jia)比来衡量加(jia)(jia)工(gong)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)合理性。